Bryan, I re-read your posts a bit, ok, now I understand your view a little better. I see you are not condescending here, I misunderstood your views, so I retract my "schooling" overtone. I am also mixed blood white-Cherokee, so we are on the same page. On a side note, you and I both know how it is to be a mixed blood, not enough to be a tribal insider, but not enough to be your pure euro. It is a struggle to get truth from any angle about the past, huh? Life in the middle...just glad it is 2000+, my blood father tried to hide his ethnicity to avoid all the hate. Messed up world we live in sometimes...Back to topic.
I think the question expects a direct answer, yes or no. Were knives and T-hawks thrown, and did warriors carry more than one or two knife or hawk? Did all Apache warriors carry the same weapons and volume of weapons?
Photos
I just don't think there are good representations of warriors in photos, as most all are definitely prop-scenes. That said, I don't think photos are a great place to do research.
Western writers
From my research, there are only a few recorded accounts of great detail of how Apache warriors killed their enemy. The most active writings about Apache occurred during the Apache Wars, well after pistols, long knives, and rifles were acquired by Apache. Writers did record use of modern weapons and included spear and bow tactics, which agrees with Geronimos' accounts.
I say few, because there were rarely any survivors, that is fact that they were very brutal. Geronimo talks about this in his autobiography, sparing no one. Also, if a story did somehow get relayed, it was probably romanticized and spun to circumvent the fear of Apache by settlers for the sake of the US gvt. Reporting "killed by knife wound" without details, was is a stabbing, slashing or thrown knife?
There are also little mention of bolas, throwing sticks, or man traps being used by Apache, but there is tribal evidence these hunting tools/tactics were used as weapons of war at some point in time or another, as their uses are still practiced today.
Tribal oral history
So maybe tribal story telling is a great place to start, from the stories told in oral history, which is supposed to be unchanged due to strict codes and ethics embraced by the story tellers. I think Snake mentions that these stories and skills were passed down through family, and this is exactly in line with everything we know about the Apache with regards to other aspects of their life...cooking, medicine, religion, and so on. I know that we know very little about most tribes to this day, in fact, a good 1/8 of North American tribes and their ways completely wiped off the face of the planet. Gone. History erased untold truths.
Specialization among warriors
My research shows that each warrior was unique in both tactics and weapon choice, just like any other tribe. Then you had classes within the warrior bands, upper, mid, lower. Then the rifle and pistol were adopted, replacing many primitive weapons. So there was so much variability, that to answer how often multiple throwing knives were carried becomes a hard question. Snakes comment about carrying multiple knives on the show, he states "if Apache could carry 10 knives he would"...his comment is interpreted by me...that if a warrior was very skilled at knife throwing and the particular mission required stealth in close, he'd carry a few throwing knives and use them. Throwing knives could be carried on belt, around neck, in legging mocassins. Could a long knife be thrown as well as a last resort, yes.
Other ancient projectiles and war
We know from history that ancient Chinese had throwing weapons, so did the Vikings. Chinese used throwing knives, stars, darts. Vikings threw axes. American Indians, including Apache, threw weapons as well.
Here is are some quotes to ponder:
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http://www.indians.org/articles/throwing-knives.htmlNative American used instruments such as throwing knives to fight in their battles. When Europeans arrived, the Native American Indians tried unsuccessfully, to use these throwing knives against the Europeans invasion into their territory. Warfare was not just a physical experience for the Native American tribes but also viewed as a spiritual experience. The killing of an enemy warrior was considered to be the least important part of battle. When Native American Indians fought with enemy Indian tribes their favorite weapons were throwing knives or tomahawks.
Some of the Indian fighting styles can be thought of today as forms of guerrilla warfare. For years, Fighting between the Europeans and Indians which took place over decades were in the end devastating for the Native Americans. The use of throwing knives was thought to be especially cruel by Europeans and other’s that fought the Indians.
When horses were introduced to the Native American Indians, they became excellent mounted warriors. The introduction of the horse had a big impact on Native American cultures in the Great Plains of North America and was important to the skill of throwing knives. This new mode of transportation made it possible for some tribes to greatly expand their territories. The United States military fought with the Native American tribes which helped the US learn about the fighting skills of the tribes.
War chiefs were usually chosen to lead war parties because they had proven themselves in prior conflicts. Native American Indian's weapons of war not only included throwing knives but included clubs, hatchets, bows and arrows, lances, and sticks. Later they would become marksmen with guns. War parties used the element of surprise as one of their main weapons, as well as a concentrated force. If by chance they were outnumbered, retreating was not a dishonor. Retreat was a strategic move, often used to trick the enemy. Native American Indian warriors also made every attempt to remove their wounded from the field of battle and to recover their dead. The enemy dead were sometimes buried or left in the fields for the enemy to claim.---------------------
Wickepedia -knife throwing
Although it was popularized in America in the late 19th century by traveling acts such as the Barnum & Bailey Circus, the history of knife throwing dates much further back. The art of knife throwing was first used in martial arts or hunting applications. It has been incorporated into the martial disciplines of the Japanese as well as some African and Native American tribes. In such cases, throwing a weapon when fighting is generally thought of as a risk. If unsuccessful it can leave the thrower without a weapon. However, many warriors traditionally carried two or more weapons at the same time.----------------------
During warfare, Indians used the throwing knives to defend themselves against invaders and enemies. This was a brilliant and radical development in self defense, as they didn't have to come close to the enemy in battle. The knives could be used to accurately pin a target from up to thirty feet away, allowing the Indians the opportunity to remain hidden while defending themselves, instead of putting their life in a line of danger. The knives were also used for practical purposes like breaking open hard shells on food such as coconut and melons. Although the throwing knives are no longer used in war, their legends continue and they are frequently used for training purposes in the military and police force.